Non-invasive oxygenation support in acutely hypoxemic COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU: a multicenter observational retrospective study
Abstract
Background: Non-invasive oxygenation strategies have a prominent role in the treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While the efcacy of these therapies has been studied in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the clinical outcomes associated with oxygen masks, high-fow oxy‑gen therapy by nasal cannula and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patientsremain unclear.Methods: In this retrospective study, we used the best of nine covariate balancing algorithms on all baseline covari‑ates in critically ill COVID-19 patients supported with>10 L of supplemental oxygen at one of the 26 participating
ICUs in Catalonia, Spain, between March 14 and April 15, 2020.Results: Of the 1093 non-invasively oxygenated patients at ICU admission treated with one of the three stand-alone
non-invasive oxygenation strategies, 897 (82%) required endotracheal intubation and 310 (28%) died during the ICU stay. High-fow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula (n=439) and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (n=101) were associated with a lower rate of endotracheal intubation (70% and 88%, respectively) than oxygen masks (n=553 and
91% intubated), p<0.001. Compared to oxygen masks, high-fow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula was associated with lower ICU mortality (hazard ratio 0.75 [95% CI 0.58–0.98), and the hazard ratio for ICU mortality was 1.21 [95% CI 0.80–1.83] for non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: In critically ill COVID-19 ICU patients and, in the absence of conclusive data, high-fow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula may be the approach of choice as the primary non-invasive oxygenation support strategy
Keywords
Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure; Intensive care
Bibliographic citation
Wendel-Garcia PD, Mas A, González-Isern C, Ferrer R, Máñez R, Masclans JR, et al. Non-invasive oxygenation support in acutely hypoxemic COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU: a multicenter observational retrospective study. Crit Care. 2022 Feb 8;26(1):37.
Audience
Professionals
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