Big data and artificial intelligence applied to blood and CSF fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has meant a turning point in data analysis, allowing predictions of unseen outcomes with precedented levels of accuracy. In multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory-demyelinating condition of the central nervous system with a complex pathogenesis and potentially devastating consequences, AI-based models have shown promising preliminary results, especially when using neuroimaging data as model input or predictor variables. The application of AI-based methodologies to serum/blood and CSF biomarkers has been less explored, according to the literature, despite its great potential. In this review, we aimed to investigate and summarise the recent advances in AI methods applied to body fluid biomarkers in MS, highlighting the key features of the most representative studies, while illustrating their limitations and future directions.