Prediction of left ventricular thrombus after myocardial infarction: a cardiac magnetic resonance-based prospective registry

Abstract

Background Left ventricular thrombus (LVTh) is a severe complication after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Objectives We aim to predict LVTh occurrence by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) using clinical, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic (ECG) variables readily available at admission. Methods We included 590 reperfused STEMI patients who underwent early (1-week) and/or late (6-month) CMR in our institution. Baseline clinical, echocardiographic (left ventricular ejection fraction -LVEF-) and ECG data (summatory of ST-segment elevation -sum-STE- and Q-wave and residual ST-elevation >1 mm -Q-STE-) during admission were registered. Multivariate binary logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic curves were computed for LVTh prediction. Results LVTh was detected by CMR in 43 (7.3 %) patients and was predicted by previous chronic coronary syndrome (CCS, HR 4.74 [1.82–12.35], p = 0.001), anterior STEMI (HR 10.93 [2.47–48.31], p = 0.002), LVEF (HR 0.96 [0.93–0.99] per %, p = 0.008), maximum sum-STE (HR 1.04 [1.01–1.07] per mm, p = 0.04), and Q-STE (HR 1.31 [1.08–1.6] per lead, p = 0.008). High-risk patients with both major (anterior STEMI and Q-STE in ≥1 leads) and 1–3 minor (CCS, maximum sum-STE >10 mm, LVEF <50%) factors showed the highest LVTh risk (19.6 % within 6 months). The model showed excellent discrimination ability (area under the curve=0.85 [0.81–0.9], p < 0.001). Simplified 4-variable (excluding sum-STE) and 3-variable (also excluding CCS) risk scores showed similar discrimination ability and were externally validated. Conclusions LVTh within 6 months post-STEMI can be predicted using pre-discharge clinical (anterior infarction and CCS), echocardiographic (LVEF), and ECG (sum-STE and Q-STE) data. Our results can help select patients who should undergo CMR after STEMI for LVTh detection.