Petosemtamab, a Bispecific Antibody Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Leucine-Rich G Repeat-Containing Protein-Coupled Receptor (LGR5) Designed for Broad Clinical Applications

Abstract

Disease progression and treatment resistance in colorectal and other cancers are driven by a subset of cells within the tumor that have stem-cell-like properties and long-term tumorigenic potential. These stem-cell-like cells express the leucine-rich G repeat-containing protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) and have characteristics similar to tissue-resident stem cells in normal adult tissues such as the colon. Organoid models of murine and human colorectal and other cancers contain LGR5-expressing (LGR5+) stem-cell-like cells and can be used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of cancer development, progression, therapy vulnerability, and resistance. A large biobank of organoids derived from colorectal cancer or adjacent normal tissue was developed. We performed a large-scale unbiased functional screen to identify bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) that preferentially inhibit the growth of colon tumor-derived, as compared to normal tissue-derived, organoids. We identified the most potent BsAb in the screen as petosemtamab, a Biclonics® BsAb targeting both LGR5 and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Petosemtamab employs three distinct mechanisms of action: EGFR ligand blocking, EGFR receptor internalization and degradation in LGR5+ cells, and Fc-mediated activation of the innate immune system by antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) (see graphical abstract). Petosemtamab has demonstrated substantial clinical activity in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (r/m HNSCC). The safety profile is generally favorable, with low rates of skin and gastrointestinal toxicity. Phase 3 trials are ongoing in both first-line programmed death-ligand 1-positive (PD-L1+) and second/third-line r/m HNSCC.