Shift in diagnostic classification of migraine after initiation of preventive treatment with eptinezumab: post hoc analysis of the PROMISE studies

Abstract

Background Monthly headache frequency directly correlates with personal/societal burden and impacts severity and preventive treatment decisions. This post hoc analysis identified shifts from higher to lower frequency headache categories over 6 months in patients with migraine participating in the PROMISE clinical trials receiving two eptinezumab doses. Methods Headache frequency at baseline and over study months 1–6 was categorized into 4 groups: chronic migraine (CM; ≥ 15 monthly headache days [MHDs]), high-frequency episodic migraine (HFEM; 10–14 MHDs), low-frequency episodic migraine (LFEM; 4–9 MHDs), and ≤ 3 MHDs. Outcomes included the percentage of patients within each MHD category, the percentage of patients improving by ≥ 1 MHD category, and the number of months with reduction of ≥ 1 MHD category. Data from patients who received approved eptinezumab doses (100 mg or 300 mg) or placebo were included. Results Mean headache frequency at baseline in PROMISE-1 was 10 MHDs; most patients were classified as having HFEM (48.6%) or LFEM (43.9%). At Month 1, 62/221 (28.1%), 75/222 (33.8%), and 45/222 (20.3%) patients who received eptinezumab 100 mg, 300 mg, and placebo had ≤ 3 MHDs, with 97/221 (43.9%), 108/222 (48.6%), and 84/222 (37.8%), respectively, falling below the diagnostic EM threshold at Month 6. More than one-third (79/221 [35.7%], 83/222 [37.4%], and 68/222 [30.6%] of patients in the eptinezumab 100 mg, 300 mg, and placebo groups, respectively), had 6 months of reduction of ≥ 1 frequency category. At baseline in PROMISE-2, mean headache frequency was 20.5 MHDs. All patients (100%) in the eptinezumab 100 mg and placebo groups had CM, as did 99.4% of patients receiving eptinezumab 300 mg. At Month 1, 209/356 (58.7%), 216/350 (61.7%), and 167/366 (45.6%) patients treated with eptinezumab 100 mg, 300 mg, and placebo had ≤ 14 MHDs, with 240/356 (67.4%), 249/350 (71.1%), and 221/366 (60.4%), respectively, falling below CM threshold at Month 6. Additionally, 153/356 (43.0%), 169/350 (48.3%), and 116/366 (31.7%) patients in the eptinezumab 100 mg, 300 mg, and placebo groups, respectively, had 6 months of reduction of ≥ 1 frequency category. Conclusion In the PROMISE studies, episodic and chronic migraine patients treated with eptinezumab were more likely to reduce their headache frequency versus placebo, which directly and in a sustained way improved their diagnostic category classification.